Outdoor Pursuits 16 Hour - Online Blended Part 1
Course Content
- Introduction to Outdoor First Aid
- Human Anatomy and Physiology
- Initial Care and Safety
- Fears of First Aid
- Asking permission and consent to help
- Calling the Emergency Services
- What3Words - location app
- Waiting for the E.M.S to arrive
- Calling Mountain Rescue
- Working with Helicopter Rescue
- Multiple casualty Incidents in remote areas
- Scene Safety
- Chain of Survival
- DR ABC and the ABCD'S
- Using gloves
- How to use face shields
- Hand Washing
- Bag Valve Masks
- First Aid Kits
- Initial Assessment and Recovery Position - Sport
- The Ten Second Triage Tool
- Using The Ten Second Triage Tool
- Cardiac Arrest and CPR
- Adult CPR Introduction
- When to call for assistance
- Heart Attack
- Adult CPR
- Hands only CPR Breakdown
- CPR Hand Over
- Resuscitation of children
- AED Introduction
- Using an AED - brief overview and demonstration
- Child CPR
- Child CPR Breakdown
- Drowning
- Effective CPR
- Improving compressions
- Improving breaths
- Near and secondary drowning
- Cold water shock
- Choking Management
- Bleeding Management
- Life-Threatening Bleeding
- Prioritising first aid
- Bleeding assessment
- Hemostatic Dressing or Tourniquet?
- Trauma Dressings
- HaemoCap™ MultiSite
- How Blood Clots in a Cut
- Coagulopathy
- Blood Loss - A Practical Demonstration
- Public access bleed control kit
- Tourniquets and Where to Use Them
- Types of Tourniquets
- What Damage can be Done with Tourniquets
- RapidStop Tourniquet
- CAT Tourniquets
- citizenAID Tourni-Key Plus tourniquet
- Improvised Tourniquets
- When Tourniquets Don't Work - Applying a Second
- Woundclot trauma gauze
- How Does Woundclot Work
- The Composition of Woundclot
- Woundclot and knife crime injuries
- Woundclot and large areas
- Woundclot and direct pressure
- Packing a wound with Woundclot
- Hemostatic Dressings
- Packing a Wound with Celox Z Fold Hemostatic Dressing
- Celox A
- Celox Rapid
- Injuries
- Strains and Sprains and the RICE procedure
- Adult fractures
- Splints
- Kinesiology tape for injuries
- Types of head injury and consciousness
- Dislocated Shoulders and Joints
- Spinal Injury
- Stabilising the spine
- Spinal Recovery Position
- Eye Injuries
- Foreign object in the eye
- Burns and burn kits
- Treating a burn
- Heat emergencies
- Cold emergencies
- Frost Bite And Frost Nip
- Shock
- Dealing with Fainting
- Chest Injuries
- Abdominal Injuries
- Dental Injuries
- Bites and stings
- Treating Snake Bites
- Blister Care
- Splinters
- Cramp in Sports and Exercise
- Types of Hydration in Sport
- Management of Injuries
- Illness
- Extra Subjects
- Summary
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Get StartedImprovised Tourniquets
What we're going to do now is looked at improvised tourniquets. Now, you'd only consider using an improvised tourniquet, exactly the same as a commercial one, if direct pressure has not worked. Now, it may well be you're out and about, you don't have a commercial tourniquet available, so you need to use whatever's to hand. What we're doing here is using a triangular bandage, but you could use any strong pliable material, like gauze material, triangular bandages, clothing. We want to have something that's tight but also that's not going to be too tight to cause problems, so try and make sure it's at least 5 cm (2 in) thick. Don't use things like wire, or string, or rope, or shoelaces, as this will cause damage and will just cut into the muscle on the arm. Also, things like leather belts can be a problem, 'cause you won't physically be able to tighten them up enough. Never put an improvised tourniquet over the actual wound site or over a joint, but they can be placed over clothing if necessary, but they are best if they can go directly onto the skin. Now we're going to look at how to actually apply a tourniquet. What I've done is I've pre-folded up a triangular bandage, so it's around about 5 cm minimum thickness. What we're doing is placing this on the upper arm, so we're simulating there's a cut just about here on the arm, so we're placing it on the upper arm. We don't wanna go too near the joint, so you wanna make sure that it's in on the mid-shaft of this bone so that we can put it on and stop all arterial blood flow. To start with, all we're doing is taking the dressing, tying it in a half knot over the top. Just pull that so it's tight, and then we need to be able to tighten it up so we can use anything to hand. I've used a knife here, but it could be anything, a strong lump of timber, or metal, or anything that you've got to hand, but just be careful about the using things like a pen, because as you tighten this up, it's likely the pen will break and it won't be efficient. Once you've laid something over it, then take the bandage and just tie that in place, and then using the knife, just wind it around. All we're doing is we're just winding it around and applying more and more pressure. As this is going on, it will be uncomfortable for the person, so you do need to be telling them that this is going to basically save their life because we need to stop this bleeding. If you apply this on until it's just tight, then the problem there is you're going to stop the venous return and not the arterial, so the blood is going to go this way, but nothing's coming back. You need to stop all blood flow, so keep going tight, and if it is still oozing blood out or spurting blood, you just need to put more pressure on. But once this starts going on, it will slow the blood flow down and it will hopefully start to resolve the problem. Once you've got it into the right position, just using the tails, tuck that round, and then you can go underneath and tie it in place. So once it's tied securely in place, the tourniquet can be left in place, there is no problem with it coming off. If you do see blood flow, you can apply more pressure, but one thing you don't do is take this off. You leave this in place until they get to the emergency medical rooms. Other thing with it doesn't cover it over. We must make sure that all emergency services know that the tourniquet's been applied. If you cover them over with a coat or something like that, it may be in some cases it gets missed. When the paramedics arrive, make sure you tell them you've put a tourniquet on. Also, you get a pen, you can just write a T on their forehead and the time you applied the tourniquet. That's important so that the doctors in the hospital know how long this was in place for. That can help with their treatment of the casualty. Improvised tourniquets are a very, very effective way of stopping bleeding if you don't have a commercial tourniquet available.
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When Tourniquets Don't Work - Applying a Second
Creating an Improvised Tourniquet with a Triangular Bandage
Introduction
In situations where a commercial tourniquet is unavailable, improvising with a triangular bandage can be effective.
Considerations
Before resorting to improvisation, exhaust all options for direct pressure application.
Materials and Construction
Construct the improvised tourniquet using a sturdy, pliable material such as gauze, fabric, or a triangular bandage.
Thickness
To prevent skin damage, ensure the tourniquet is at least 5cm thick when applied.
Avoidance of Harmful Materials
Avoid using wire, string, rope, or shoelaces, as these can cause tissue damage.
Placement Guidelines
Do not position the tourniquet over the wound, fracture, or joint. It can be applied over clothing or directly onto the skin.
Visibility and Monitoring
Keep the tourniquet visible and mark the casualty's forehead with a "T." Note the time of application and inform Emergency Medical Services (EMS) of the intervention.
Important Reminders
Once applied, do not loosen or remove the tourniquet until professional medical assistance arrives.
- IPOSi Unit three LO3.1, 3.2, 3.3 & 3.4
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